igniter

An igniter is a device or mechanism that initiates combustion or a chemical reaction. In engines, furnaces, and pyrotechnics, igniters provide the energy or heat required to start burning fuel or reactive materials. They are designed to perform reliably under operating conditions and to minimize unintended ignition.

Common forms include electric igniters (sparking devices and plasma jets), hot surface igniters (resistive heating elements), pyrotechnic or incendiary charges, and laser or optical igniters. Piezoelectric and spark-gap styles are used in consumer lighters and some appliance systems. The specific design depends on the type of fuel, environment, and required ignition rapidity and reliability.

Applications span internal combustion engines, gas-fired appliances, rocket and missile propulsion, fireworks and special effects, and industrial metalworking that requires an initial flame or hot surface. In automotive and building systems, igniters are often integrated into ignition systems, burners, or pilot-light assemblies to ensure controlled start-up.

Safety and reliability are critical. Igniters are designed with controls, interlocks, and energy limits to reduce accidental ignition and excessive energy release. Improper use or failure can lead to burns, fires, or explosions. Design and testing standards from organizations such as NFPA, IEC, and UL guide the selection, performance testing, and electrical or mechanical safety requirements for igniters in different applications. See also ignition system, spark plug, glow plug, and pyrotechnics.