hyposensitivity

Hyposensitivity, also called under-responsiveness, refers to reduced sensitivity to sensory input. It is a type of sensory processing difference in which individuals respond less than typical to stimuli such as touch, sound, light, movement, or pain. Hyposensitivity can occur across multiple sensory modalities and may affect how a person notices, interprets, and responds to environmental information.

Common modalities involved include tactile (touch), auditory (sound), proprioceptive (body position and force), vestibular (balance and movement), gustatory (taste), and olfactory (smell). People with hyposensitivity might not notice mild touch, be slow to respond to spoken language, seek strong or constant sensory input, require intense pressure or movement for soothing, or have poor awareness of bodily signals. Pain tolerance may appear higher than typical, and safety risks can arise if painful or dangerous stimuli are not promptly noticed.

Hyposensitivity often appears in the context of neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder, or in premature or early developmental histories. However, it is not a stand-alone diagnosis in major manuals, and sensory processing differences can occur in many individuals without a broader condition.

Assessment is usually conducted by occupational therapists and may include caregiver interviews, standardized questionnaires (for example, sensory profiles or processing measures), and direct observation. Management emphasizes individualized strategies: sensory-based interventions, environmental modifications, and a “sensory diet” of planned activities designed to provide appropriate input and support regulation. Interventions vary in evidence quality; they are typically tailored to safety, functional goals, and daily routines. Early identification and structured supports can improve participation in school, work, and social activities.