hyperlipidemie

Hyperlipidemie, or hyperlipidemia, is a condition characterized by elevated lipids in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. It can be primary (genetic) or secondary to disorders, medications, or lifestyle factors. Lipids evaluated in a standard panel include low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Patterns of abnormal lipids may involve high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and/or high triglycerides. Elevate LDL-C is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; very high triglycerides can cause pancreatitis.

Causes include genetic conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia, as well as polygenic hyperlipidemia. Secondary factors include obesity, insulin resistance or diabetes, hypothyroidism, liver or kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, and certain medications.

Diagnosis is by fasting lipid panel and assessment of overall cardiovascular risk to guide treatment. Management aims to reduce cardiovascular risk through lifestyle changes and, when needed, pharmacotherapy. Lifestyle measures include a heart-healthy diet, weight management, regular physical activity, avoidance of tobacco, and control of comorbid conditions. Pharmacologic treatment commonly starts with statins; ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids may be added depending on lipid pattern and risk.

Regular monitoring of lipid levels and treatment tolerance is essential. With appropriate management, lipid levels can be controlled and the risk of cardiovascular events can be reduced. The term hyperlipidie is used in some languages; in English the term is hyperlipidemia.