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Hyperglycemia refers to an abnormally high level of glucose, or sugar, in the blood. It is a hallmark characteristic of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder. When the body cannot effectively regulate blood glucose levels, either due to insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin action, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream.

Several factors can contribute to hyperglycemia. In individuals with diabetes, this can include inadequate medication dosage, poor dietary choices, lack of physical activity, illness, or stress. Other less common causes of hyperglycemia can include certain medications, pancreatic diseases, and endocrine disorders.

Symptoms of hyperglycemia can develop gradually and may include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and increased hunger. If left untreated, chronic hyperglycemia can lead to serious long-term complications affecting various organs, such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. These complications can manifest as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease.

Diagnosis of hyperglycemia is typically made through blood glucose measurements. Management strategies focus on controlling blood glucose levels to prevent complications. This often involves lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, as well as medication, including insulin therapy or oral antidiabetic drugs, depending on the underlying cause and severity. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for effective management.