headstroke

The term headstroke is not a standard medical diagnosis and is used inconsistently in informal language. It may refer to heat-related illness affecting the head or to a cerebrovascular event in the brain. This article explains the two common interpretations and their management.

Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition caused by extreme heat and failure of the body's thermoregulation. It can occur after prolonged physical activity in hot conditions or from sustained exposure to high temperatures. Core body temperature often rises above 40°C, with central nervous system symptoms such as confusion, agitation, seizures, or coma. Skin may be hot and dry or moist, depending on the type. Emergency medical help is essential. While awaiting help, move the person to shade, remove excess clothing, and apply cooling methods (ice packs to the neck, armpits, and groin; cool water immersion when feasible). Do not give fluids if the person is unconscious; if conscious and able to swallow, small sips of water may be offered. In the hospital, treatment focuses on rapid cooling, fluid and electrolyte management, and monitoring for organ injury. Prompt treatment improves outcomes and delays can lead to serious complications.

If headstroke is used to describe a stroke, it refers to a cerebrovascular accident in which blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted by ischemia or hemorrhage. Sudden symptoms include facial droop, arm or leg weakness or numbness, speech or understanding problems, vision changes, severe headache, dizziness, or confusion. This is a medical emergency; call emergency services immediately. Diagnosis uses neurological exams and brain imaging (CT or MRI). Ischemic strokes may be treated with clot-dissolving therapy or mechanical thrombectomy if within a therapeutic window; hemorrhagic strokes require blood pressure control and sometimes surgical intervention. Rehabilitation and long-term risk-factor management are important for recovery and prevention of recurrence.

Some uses of headstroke remain informal or ambiguous; recognizing heat illness and stroke risk factors can aid prevention and prompt care.