gunja

Gunja, or Abrus precatorius, is a flowering climbing vine in the pea family (Fabaceae) native to tropical regions of Asia and Africa and widely naturalized in other hot, tropical areas. It is commonly known as rosary pea or jequirity bean and is valued in some cultures for decorative beads and jewelry, though its use is tempered by safety concerns.

The plant is a woody, twining climber with pinnate leaves bearing several pairs of leaflets. It produces small flowers in clusters, followed by distinctive seeds that are bright red with a shiny black spot. The seeds are highly recognizable and have been used for centuries in crafts such as rosaries and beadwork in various parts of the world.

Toxicity is the defining characteristic of gunja seeds. They contain abrin, a potent toxin. Ingesting or chewing the seeds can cause serious illness and may be fatal if not treated promptly. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, and, in severe cases, organ failure. Intact seeds pose less risk than crushed or chewed seeds, but they should never be ingested, and handling should be done with care, especially around children.

Cultural and practical use of gunja seeds is balanced by safety and regulatory considerations. Because of their toxicity, they are often handled only for craft purposes, and some regions regulate their sale and use. The plant can become invasive in suitable climates if left unmanaged, and it commonly grows as a wild climber on shrubs and disturbed vegetation.