climber

A climber is a person who engages in the activity of climbing, ascending cliffs, rock faces, ice walls, or indoor artificial walls. Climbing ranges from recreational to professional and includes disciplines such as rock climbing, sport climbing, traditional (trad) climbing, bouldering, ice climbing, and mountaineering. Climbers may pursue routes outdoors on natural rock or indoors on climbing walls.

Equipment and protection commonly used by climbers includes a harness, climbing shoes, a rope, a belay device, and a helmet. Traditional climbing relies on removable protection such as cams and nuts, while sport climbing uses fixed bolts and quickdraws. Chalk is often carried to keep hands dry. Safe rope systems, partner belay, and solid anchor techniques are fundamental to most forms of climbing.

Technique and training emphasize footwork, balance, route reading, and efficient movement between holds. Techniques vary by discipline, from precise edging and crimping to dynamic, gymnastic moves. Training typically combines endurance, strength, finger and grip conditioning, and mental preparation. Regular practice with progressive routes and careful rest improves safety and performance.

Safety and culture: Climbing carries inherent risks, including falls and rockfall. Climbers mitigate risk through practice, clear communication with partners, equipment checks, weather assessment, and proper anchoring. The sport also emphasizes ethics such as minimizing environmental impact, respecting access, and leaving no trace.

History and notable figures: Modern climbing developed in the 20th century with innovations in rope techniques, protection, and training. Pioneers and elite climbers include Lynn Hill, Chris Sharma, Wolfgang Güllich, and Alex Honnold, among others. Today, climbing spans from mass-market gyms to high-altitude alpinism.