greatcoats

Greatcoats are long, heavy woolen overcoats designed to protect wearers from cold and wet weather. Typically knee-length or longer, they were worn over uniforms or civilian clothing and are associated with 18th- to early 20th-century outerwear. The term arises from the coat’s size and weight, distinguishing it from shorter jackets.

Historically, greatcoats emerged as military and civilian protection against harsh winters. They were widely issued to soldiers and sailors in many European armies from the 18th century onward and remained common through the Victorian era and into the early 20th century. In war, the coat provided insulation and protection during marches and garrison duty; its design evolved from simpler single-breasted forms to double-breasted models with belts, capes, or hoods depending on period and nation.

Typical features include heavy wool construction, a knee- or calf-length cut, and closures that can be buttons or toggles. Many versions carried internal pockets and a vented back or center seam for ease of movement; some featured a belt at the waist or a detachable lining for modulated warmth. Some variants included a cape or hood to shed rain and snow. Materials ranged from plain wool to wool blends, sometimes with waterproof coatings.

In contemporary times, greatcoats are mainly found in historical reenactment, ceremonial wear, and fashion inspired by vintage military style. The term persists in common usage to describe long, weighty outerwear rather than a specific modern specification.