gemsbok

The gemsbok (Oryx gazella), also known as the South African oryx, is a large horned antelope native to arid regions of southern Africa. Adults typically stand about 1.0 to 1.3 meters at the shoulder and weigh around 180 to 240 kilograms. Males possess long, straight horns that can reach roughly 80 centimeters, which they use in defense and displays of dominance. The coat is pale tan to gray with white underparts, and a distinctive black facial mask and black leg stripes.

Gemsboks inhabit dry savannas, deserts, and semi-deserts, often near seasonal water sources. They are well adapted to heat and can go long periods without free water, deriving much of their moisture from the vegetation they eat. They are mostly diurnal but may shade themselves during the hottest part of the day. Their diet consists mainly of grasses and forbs, but they will browse shrubs when necessary.

Social behavior is characterized by herding, usually comprising 10 to 40 individuals. Territorial and mating opportunities are typically controlled by dominant males. Reproduction is generally polygynous; gestation lasts about eight to nine months, with a single calf common and occasional twins reported. Calves are capable of following the herd shortly after birth.

Predators include lions, hyenas, and leopards. The gemsbok relies on its horns and group vigilance for defense, and it can emit alarm calls when threatened. The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide range and relatively stable populations, though local pressures from hunting and habitat modification can occur.

Geographic range includes Namibia, Botswana, southwestern Angola, and parts of South Africa.