fluoriid

Fluoriid, commonly referred to as fluoride in English, refers to the fluoride ion and fluoride-containing compounds derived from the element fluorine. The fluoride ion is F−, a negatively charged halide. Fluoriid compounds include sodium fluoride (NaF), stannous fluoride (SnF2), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and calcium fluoride (CaF2), among others. These substances can be present as minerals in rocks and waters or be produced for commercial use.

Fluoriid occurs naturally in the environment and is found in varying amounts in groundwater and soils. Industrially, fluoride compounds are produced for a range of applications, including dental care products and water treatment. The most common public-facing uses are in dentistry and oral health programs, where fluoride is applied topically or ingested in small amounts to influence dental tissues.

In dentistry, low doses of fluoriid are used to reduce dental caries. It is added to some public water supplies, included in toothpaste, mouth rinses, and certain professional dental treatments. Fluoriid helps to remineralize weakened enamel and can inhibit the activity of cariogenic bacteria when used appropriately. The effectiveness of fluoridation and fluoride products depends on correct dosage, exposure duration, and individual factors.

Safety and regulation emphasize preventing overexposure. Excessive fluoriid intake can cause dental fluorosis in children and, with long-term high exposure, skeletal fluorosis. Guidelines regulate fluoride concentrations in drinking water, daily intake recommendations, and labeling of dental products to minimize risks while preserving dental benefits. Ongoing research continues to refine optimal dosing and assess long-term health outcomes.

See also: dental fluorosis, water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, fluoride in public health.