overexposure

Overexposure is the condition that results when a person, device, or material receives more exposure than its tolerance or intended limit. The term is used across contexts, including photography, radiology, dermatology, and industrial hygiene, to describe temporary or lasting damage from excessive light, radiation, or chemical agents.

In photography and cinematography, overexposure occurs when the recording medium (film or digital sensor) receives too much light. Resulting images may have clipped highlights, loss of detail, and washed-out tones. Causes include bright lighting, long exposure, high ISO, wide aperture, or metering errors. Remedies include exposure compensation, bracketing, shooting in RAW, using neutral density filters, and reviewing histograms to balance highlights and shadows.

In medical and environmental contexts, overexposure refers to receiving more radiation or UV exposure than is safe. This can occur with X-ray or CT examinations, prolonged sun exposure, or occupational exposure to radioactive sources. Health risks range from transient effects such as redness or nausea to long-term cancer risk. Protection strategies follow the ALARA principle, including shielding, minimizing exposure time, maintaining distance, and monitoring doses with dosimeters.

Overexposure to chemicals, solvents, or industrial aerosols can irritate the skin, eyes, or respiratory tract; prolonged contact or high concentrations may cause systemic toxicity. Prevention relies on adequate ventilation, personal protective equipment, safe handling practices, and prompt decontamination if contact occurs. Treatment depends on the substance and exposure route and may require medical evaluation.