fjellområdene

Fjellområdene is the Norwegian term for the mountainous regions of Norway. The term describes highland landscapes characterized by rugged terrain, large elevation differences and sparse vegetation. They are a defining feature of the national environment and support a range of outdoor activities, biodiversity and cultural traditions.

Geographically, fjellområdene extend across inland Norway and include prominent ranges such as Jotunheimen, Rondane, Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Hardangervidda. The areas contain plateaus, peaks and extensive glaciated terrain, often forming watershed boundaries for adjacent valleys and fjords.

Geology and landforms reflect repeated glaciations. U-shaped valleys, moraines, cirques and kettle lakes are common, and high-elevation zones may host small glaciers and permanent snowfields. The landscape supports periglacial and tundra conditions in the highest areas.

Climate is cold and variable, with long winters and short cool summers. Snow cover can endure for much of the year at high elevations. Plant life shifts from boreal forest near the treeline to alpine tundra above it, with mosses, lichens and small shrubs dominating the higher zones. Typical fauna includes mountain reindeer, ptarmigan and, in some areas, musk oxen on Dovrefjell.

Human use and protection: fjellområdene are popular for hiking, climbing and cross-country skiing, with cabins and marked trails supporting outdoor recreation. Some activities, such as reindeer herding in certain areas, are traditional livelihoods. Large portions are protected as national parks or nature reserves; notable examples include Hardangervidda National Park, Jotunheimen National Park and Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park.

Conservation and challenges: climate change drives glacier retreat, shifts in snow cover and alterations to alpine ecosystems. Tourism and infrastructure development can create pressures. Management aims to balance conservation with sustainable recreation and the protection of traditional livelihoods, within a framework of protected landscapes.