skiing

Skiing is a winter sport and recreational activity in which a person glides over snow on a pair of skis attached to boots, typically using bindings and poles for balance. It can be performed on groomed slopes, backcountry terrain, or cross-country routes.

The sport includes several disciplines: alpine skiing (downhill, slalom, giant slalom, and super-G); cross-country skiing (classic and skate); freestyle (acrobatics such as jumps, moguls, halfpipe, and aerials); and others such as ski jumping and backcountry touring.

Skiing has ancient origins in northern Europe, with carvings and artifacts indicating early use for travel and hunting. Modern competitive skiing developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, with advances in equipment and the opening of ski lifts; the International Ski Federation (FIS) coordinates most international competition, including the Winter Olympics since 1924.

Techniques emphasize balance, weight transfer, edge control, and turning. Equipment consists of skis, boots, bindings, and poles; protective gear such as helmets is recommended. Safety considerations include proper instruction, terrain awareness, and avalanche safety in backcountry settings.

Skiing supports a global industry including resorts, gear manufacturers, and training services. It faces environmental pressures from climate change and snow reliability, prompting innovations in lightweight skis, snow-making, and sustainable resort practices.