highland

Highland refers to upland, often mountainous regions, with the Scottish Highlands being the best known. This historic area in the north and west of Scotland is noted for rugged terrain, numerous lochs, glens, and a strong Gaelic cultural heritage. The term also designates the Highland Council Area, an administrative region in northeast Scotland that covers much of the traditional Highlands.

Geography and landscape are defining features. The Scottish Highlands include iconic peaks such as Ben Nevis, deep valleys, and extensive coastlines along fjord-like sea lochs. The terrain results from glaciation and varied climates, from harsh uplands to milder coastal zones, creating a mix of mountains, plateaus, and rural landscapes.

Historically, the Highlands were central to Gaelic culture, clan systems, and significant events such as the Jacobite uprisings. The 18th and 19th centuries brought the Highland Clearances, which reshaped land use and population. In contemporary times, the region is associated with traditional music, dress, storytelling, and a lingering Gaelic linguistic presence.

Economy and governance have evolved. Today, tourism, whisky production, crofting, and renewable energy underpin much of the economic activity. Inverness serves as the main urban center and administrative capital of the Highland Council Area. The term Highland is also widely used in place names and regional designations in other countries.

See also: Highland Games, Scottish Gaelic, Ben Nevis, Inverness.