uplands

Uplands are regions characterized by elevated terrain relative to the adjacent landscape. The term encompasses a range of landforms, from rolling hills and high plateaus to extensive mountain belts. Elevation is the distinguishing feature rather than a fixed height, so uplands may be gently elevated compared to nearby plains or form prominent mountain ranges.

Uplands result from tectonic forces that raise land, volcanic activity, and subsequent erosion and weathering. They often experience more severe weathering and distinct drainage patterns, with thinner, acidic soils in some areas and well-drained soils in others.

Altitude lowers temperatures and can increase precipitation, leading to cooler, wetter conditions and more persistent winds. Vegetation ranges from grasslands and heath in drier uplands to forests in moister areas, with alpine or tundra zones at very high elevations.

People use uplands for grazing, forestry, mining, and recreation. In some regions, farming is adapted to shallow soils and slopes; infrastructure like roads and power lines may require specialized design due to rugged terrain.

Examples include the Scottish Highlands, the Pennines and the uplands of Wales in Europe; the Appalachians and Adirondacks in North America; and the Great Dividing Range in Australia.