fisioteràpia

Fisioteràpia, commonly known as physiotherapy, is a health profession that uses movement and physical methods to enable, maintain, and restore functional ability and quality of life. The practice involves assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders related to the musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Core interventions include manual therapy, therapeutic exercises, electrotherapy, and education on body mechanics. Patients range from athletes recovering from injury to elderly individuals managing chronic conditions, and the field also supports postoperative rehabilitation and occupational therapy integration.

The discipline evolved from early 19th‑century hydrotherapy and massage traditions. Modern physiotherapy emerged in the early 20th century, formalized through education programs and professional societies. Most countries require a university‑level degree accredited by national health authorities, followed by supervised clinical practice and certification exams. Continuous professional development is mandated to keep up with emerging evidence and technology, such as ultrasound imaging and robotics.

Evidence‑based physiotherapy emphasizes individualized treatment plans anchored in clinical guidelines. Research supports its cost‑effectiveness, particularly in reducing pain, improving mobility, and lowering the need for surgical intervention. Global partnerships, such as the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, promote research, education, and advocacy. The profession faces contemporary challenges, including integration of digital health tools, addressing disparities in access, and maintaining interdisciplinary collaboration with medicine, occupational therapy, and psychology.