Therapy

Therapy is a treatment designed to relieve symptoms, change patterns of thinking or behavior, improve physical functioning, or support overall well-being. It is typically based on assessment, a plan of care, and ongoing evaluation. Therapy may be provided alongside medical treatment and is delivered through structured activities, education, and guided practice.

There are several broad forms. Psychotherapy focuses on mental health and behavior and may use approaches such as cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, or humanistic methods. Physical therapy aims to restore movement, reduce pain, and improve strength and endurance through exercise, manual techniques, and modalities. Occupational therapy helps individuals participate in daily activities and roles, including self-care, productivity, and leisure. Speech-language therapy addresses communication disorders, voice and fluency, and swallowing. Each form concentrates on its own set of goals and methods, and they can be used alone or in combination.

Indications vary by form. People pursue therapy for mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety, trauma, chronic pain, disability, developmental or communication disorders, or personal adjustment. The usual process involves initial assessment, goal setting, a tailored plan, and periodic review. Duration ranges from a few sessions to several months or longer, depending on need.

Providers include licensed professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists, among others. Settings include clinics, hospitals, schools, community centers, or home-based programs. Evidence supports many therapies for specific conditions, particularly when delivered with standardized guidelines. Potential risks include emotional discomfort, confidentiality concerns, and unequal access due to cost or stigma.