firmwares
Firmware is a specialized class of software embedded in hardware devices to provide low-level control, initialization, and essential functions needed for a device to operate. It sits between hardware and higher-level software, and is typically stored in non-volatile memory so it can survive power cycles.
Firmware’s primary role is to initialize hardware components, control peripherals, implement device-specific features, and enforce hardware
Common types include PC firmware (BIOS or UEFI), router and network device firmware, and firmware for consumer
Updates for firmware are distributed by manufacturers and installed through flashing, over-the-air updates, or service utilities.
Lifecycle and maintenance vary by device; manufacturers may provide ongoing updates for a period, after which