TVs

Television sets, or TVs, are electronic devices that display video and emit audio for content from broadcast, cable, satellite, or streaming services. They combine a display panel, an onboard processor, tuners or receivers, speakers, and controls, with many models running an operating system that provides apps and streaming services. Some modern TVs also function as home hubs with integrated voice assistants and smart-home connectivity.

Televisions originated in the 20th century as cathode ray tube sets and evolved through flat-panel displays. CRTs gave way to LCDs with backlighting, then LED-backlit LCDs, plasma, OLED, and, more recently, quantum dot-based screens (QLED) in some products. Each generation improved brightness, contrast, and energy efficiency while reducing form factor.

Today’s TVs commonly offer internet connectivity, apps, streaming, and sometimes voice control. They include multiple inputs such as HDMI and USB, and legacy ports on older models. Built-in tuners enable reception of over-the-air broadcasts, while others rely on external receivers. Region and model choices determine support for broadcast standards such as ATSC, DVB, or ISDB.

Display resolutions have progressed from standard definition to high definition, Full HD, 4K Ultra HD, and increasingly 8K, though content varies. HDR formats, including HDR10 and Dolby Vision, enhance color and contrast. Typical screen sizes range from about 32 to 85 inches and larger for home theaters.

TVs are a dynamic consumer electronics category shaped by rapid technology changes, energy considerations, and a shift toward streaming and smart functionality. They are used in homes, businesses, and hospitality settings, with ongoing advances in display materials, processing, and connectivity.