broadcasts

Broadcasts are the transmission of audio or video content to a large, often unspecified audience, usually over a common transmission channel. Traditional examples include radio and television programs that are distributed to many receivers at once.

In the 20th century, radio broadcasting emerged first, followed by television. Terrestrial radio and TV use land-based transmitters; satellite, cable, and internet-based distributions extend reach and capacity. Digital broadcasting standards such as DVB, ATSC, and ISDB improve efficiency and add data services.

Content is produced by networks, stations, or independent producers, scheduled for transmission, and funded by advertising, subscription, or public support. Scheduling uses program guides and playout systems. Receivers include radios, televisions, set-top boxes, and streaming apps, enabling audience measurement by ratings, reach, and share.

Broadcasting is typically regulated by government authorities that allocate spectrum, license operators, and set content standards. Public broadcasters seek informative, balanced programming, while commercial outlets rely on advertising revenue. Regulatory regimes vary by country and may include public service obligations.

The rise of broadband and mobile networks has blurred the line between traditional broadcasts and on-demand streaming. Many services combine linear channels with online platforms, interactive features, and user-generated content, shaping monetization, audience engagement, and regulatory considerations.