settop

A settop, short for set-top box, is a consumer electronics device that connects to a television and to a signal source to deliver video and audio content for viewing. Traditionally provided by cable or satellite operators, modern settops may also be standalone streaming boxes or hybrid devices that combine traditional broadcast with IP-based content.

Typical features include a digital tuner and demodulator, a video and audio decoder, an electronic program guide, and network connectivity (Ethernet or Wi-Fi). Many units offer digital video recorder functionality, conditional access modules or smart card slots, and sometimes CI/CI+ slots for decrypting premium services. Outputs usually include HDMI, with older models offering SCART or composite.

Set-tops rely on regional broadcasting standards such as DVB, ATSC, or ISDB, and commonly support MPEG-2/HEVC video, AC-3 or AAC audio, and associated metadata. The rise of IP-based and hybrid boxes blurs the line with streaming devices, enabling content from traditional pay-TV operators and internet services within a single device.

In commercial use, settops are deployed by pay-TV providers to distribute channels, on-demand libraries, and DVR services. In consumer markets, retail and operator-provided devices serve apps for video on demand, live TV, and streaming platforms. The term settop is frequently used interchangeably with set-top box in technical and consumer contexts.