AAC

AAC commonly stands for augmentative and alternative communication, a field of practice and a set of tools designed to support the communication of people with severe speech or writing impairments. The acronym may also refer to other concepts in different fields, such as advanced audio coding.

AAC encompasses unaided methods (gestures, sign systems, body language) and aided methods (low-tech and high-tech tools). It is intended to supplement or replace natural speech to enable ongoing participation in daily activities and social interaction.

Unaided AAC includes manual signs and gestures; sign languages may function as complete languages for some communities. Aided AAC uses symbols—pictures, symbols, letters—arranged on boards, books, or electronic displays.

Low-tech aided devices include communication boards and books; high-tech options include speech-generating devices and tablet-based applications that generate spoken output. Displays can be static or dynamic, and access may rely on direct selection or scanning.

Assessment by speech-language pathologists or trained professionals evaluates communicative needs, motor abilities, sensory requirements, and cognitive level to select appropriate methods. Implementation requires training, family involvement, and ongoing adjustment for efficiency and acceptance.

History and scope: AAC has roots in manual signing and symbol boards of the 20th century, expanding with electronic speech output in the late 20th century and into modern, app-based systems.

Impact and issues: AAC supports participation across education, employment, and healthcare. Barriers include cost, access to professionals, and cultural or language considerations; research emphasizes user-centered design and early integration.