Displays

Displays are devices that present visual information generated by a video source. They translate electronic signals into images, words, and graphics. Common consumer displays include computer monitors, televisions, and mobile device screens. They rely on a display panel and supporting electronics such as drivers and controllers.

Several display technologies exist. Liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) modulate light from a backlight using liquid crystals; LED-backlit LCDs use light-emitting diodes for the backlight. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels emit light from each pixel, enabling true blacks and thinner form factors. Emerging options include microLED and e-ink for specialized uses such as low power or readability in bright conditions. Each technology has trade-offs in brightness, color, response, and longevity.

Key specifications include size, resolution, aspect ratio, and pixel density. Refresh rate, response time, and input lag affect motion. Color performance is described by color gamut, bit depth, and color accuracy. High dynamic range (HDR) and peak brightness improve contrast. Connectivity (HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C) and calibration are relevant for performance.

Displays are used in computing, televisions, mobile devices, signage, and automotive and VR/AR systems. Trends focus on higher resolution and refresh rates, wider color gamut, HDR, energy efficiency, and thinner, lighter designs. Advancements include curved panels, high pixel density, and more compact, flexible, or transparent displays.