OpenWrt

OpenWrt is a Linux-based open-source operating system designed to run on embedded networking devices, particularly consumer routers. It provides a fully writable filesystem with a package manager, allowing users to customize features, install additional software, and replace vendor firmware.

OpenWrt originated in the mid-2000s as an alternative to manufacturer firmware for wireless routers. In 2016–2018, the LEDE project split from OpenWrt and later merged back in 2018, reaffirming the shared codebase and governance. Since then, OpenWrt has evolved through regular releases and a large ecosystem of devices and packages.

The project uses the OpenWrt build system to produce firmware images tailored to specific devices. Core components include the Linux kernel, the opkg package manager, and the Unified Configuration Interface (UCI) for system settings, plus the LuCI web-based GUI. A writable overlay filesystem enables permanent configuration, while sysupgrade preserves user settings across updates. OpenWrt supports VPNs, dynamic firewall rules, QoS, VLANs, IPv6, and a wide range of networking protocols.

Hardware support spans many routers, access points, and single-board computers. Installation typically involves flashing a compatible image or using a recovery mechanism; ongoing updates are provided through signed releases and incremental updates. Users can extend functionality with thousands of packages in the official and community feeds.

OpenWrt is community-driven and released under open-source licenses, with ongoing development, security updates, and documentation maintained by volunteers and sponsors. It is widely used by enthusiasts and network professionals seeking greater control, performance, and customization than stock firmware.