fibrocystiske

Fibrocystiske changes refer to a spectrum of benign alterations in breast tissue characterized by fibrous tissue and cyst formation. The term fibrocystiske changes is commonly used in Danish to describe these processes. They are most often seen in premenopausal women and are thought to be related to hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone. The condition is not cancerous and does not generally increase the overall risk of breast cancer, though it can make screening and examination more challenging.

Symptoms vary and commonly include breast lumpiness, swelling, and tender nodules, often with cyclic variation corresponding to the menstrual cycle. Pain and discomfort may be more pronounced in the second half of the cycle. Nipple discharge can occur but is usually non-bloody and benign. Some individuals have few or no symptoms.

Diagnosis typically combines clinical examination with imaging. Ultrasound is commonly used in younger women, while mammography may be employed for women over 40 or when indicated. Simple cysts may be observed or drained with needle aspiration if they cause significant pain or anxiety. Solid-appearing masses or suspicious imaging findings may require biopsy to exclude other conditions, including cancer.

Management focuses on symptom relief and reassurance. Many cases require no specific treatment. Pain can be managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen, and a well-fitting supportive bra may help. Lifestyle measures, such as reducing caffeine or high-sodium intake, have inconclusive evidence, and recommendations are individualized. Symptoms often wax and wane and may lessen after menopause. Regular breast screening remains important for all individuals.