fibrocartilaginee

Fibrocartilage is a specialized form of cartilage that combines features of hyaline cartilage with dense connective tissue. Its extracellular matrix contains abundant bundles of collagen type I arranged in fibers, interwoven with proteoglycans and smaller amounts of collagen type II. Chondrocytes are fewer and often organized in small groups within lacunae. This composition gives fibrocartilage notable toughness and the ability to withstand both compressive and tensile forces.

Mechanical properties and nutrition set fibrocartilage apart from other cartilages. It is relatively avascular and has limited innervation, so its healing capacity is slow. Nourishment occurs mainly by diffusion from adjacent tissues. The tissue resists high tensile stress and shear, making it well suited to joints and interfaces where substantial mechanical loads are transmitted.

Common anatomical sites include the intervertebral disc (specifically the annulus fibrosus), the menisci of the knee, the temporomandibular joint disc, and the pubic symphysis. It also forms components such as the glenoid and acetabular labra and certain entheseal inserts of ligaments and tendons. In these locations, fibrocartilage helps distribute loads, stabilize joints, and protect bones from wear.

Developmentally, fibrocartilage arises from mesenchymal tissue and evolves to meet functional demands at sites experiencing high compressive and tensile stresses. Clinically relevant injuries include meniscal tears and degenerative changes in spinal discs; treatment often involves surgical repair or grafting, with outcomes affected by the tissue’s limited regenerative capacity.