evangelicals

Evangelicals are adherents of a diverse movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the gospel as the central message of the faith. Core emphases typically include the necessity of a personal conversion experience, the authority of the Bible, the doctrine of the atonement through Christ, and active evangelism. Scholars sometimes summarize the movement by the fourfold framework of conversion, biblicism, crucicentrism, and activism.

Historically, evangelicalism has roots in 18th-century revivals in Britain and North America known as the Great Awakening. It expanded in the 19th and 20th centuries, shaping many denominations and apostolic movements. In the United States it became a prominent force in religion and politics, especially after mid-20th-century debates over modernism and fundamentalism, and has given rise to numerous non-denominational churches and megachurches.

Beliefs vary among evangelicals, but there is broad agreement on the authority of Scripture and the need for personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. Doctrinal positions differ on issues such as church governance, baptism, and roles of women; some groups emphasize revivalist experiences and charismatic gifts, while others are more conservative or cessationist. Mission and social service are common expressions of faith.

Globally, evangelical Christians are a large and growing segment of Protestant Christianity, with substantial populations in North America, Latin America, Africa, and parts of Asia. In some regions they outnumber mainline Protestants and are a major source of religious leadership, education, and media.

Evangelicals have been influential in public life in several countries, notably the United States, where many participate in political advocacy on issues such as abortion and religious liberty. The movement faces ongoing debates over political engagement, social values, gender roles, and how best to interpret biblical authority, leading to considerable internal diversity and occasional public controversy.