emphases

Emphases, the plural of emphasis, refers to the act or result of giving something prominence or importance. The concept appears in several domains, including language, typography, rhetoric, and design.

In linguistics and speech, emphasis is achieved through prosodic features such as increased loudness, higher pitch, longer duration, and greater articulatory effort on a particular syllable, word, or phrase. This is commonly called stress or tonic accent. Emphasis can alter meaning, indicate contrast, or signal focus within a sentence.

In typography and writing, emphasis marks are used to draw attention to a word or idea. Common methods include italics, boldface, underline, quotation marks, or capitalization. In digital text, HTML and similar markup provide semantic elements: em for emphasis and strong for strong emphasis, with rendering often in italics and bold, respectively, and screen readers conveying emphasis audibly.

In rhetoric, emphasis is achieved through devices that heighten attention, such as parallelism, repetition, anaphora, contrast, or interrogative sentences (emphatic questions). These techniques guide the reader or listener to key points.

In design and typography, emphasis relates to visual hierarchy: size, weight, color, and placement determine which elements stand out. Proper use of emphasis improves clarity and readability, while overuse can be distracting.