endoprotesi

An endoprosthesis, also known as a joint prosthesis, is an artificial implant designed to replace a missing bone or joint inside the body. It is surgically inserted and can restore joint function, relieve pain, and improve mobility when natural structures have been damaged by arthritis, trauma, infection, or tumors. Endoprostheses are used in several joints and can involve replacement of both joint surfaces or segments of bone.

The most common applications are hip and knee replacements, performed to treat advanced osteoarthritis or other degenerative Joint diseases. They are also used in the shoulder, elbow, and ankle, as well as in limb-sparing procedures after tumor resections. Endoprostheses may replace a single joint surface or more extensive portions of a joint or limb, depending on the pathology and the surgeon’s plan.

A typical endoprosthesis consists of metallic or ceramic components and a bearing surface, often with a polyethylene insert. In a hip prosthesis, components may include a femoral stem, a femoral head, and an acetabular cup with liner. Knee prostheses usually involve a tibial plateau component and a femoral component with a polyethylene insert. Bearings can be metal-on-polyethylene, ceramic-on-ceramic, or newer configurations; metal-on-metal bearings are less common due to safety concerns. Implants may be fixed in place with bone cement or designed for biological fixation through porous surfaces that encourage bone ingrowth.

Fixation methods include cemented, cementless, or hybrid approaches, chosen based on patient factors and surgeon preference. Outcomes generally include pain relief and functional improvement, with implant longevity typically spanning many years, though revisions may be needed for loosening, wear, infection, or fracture. Regular follow-up and rehabilitation are important components of care.