enamal

Enamal is commonly a misspelling of enamel. In technical writing, enamel refers to two distinct materials and a related process: the hard, mineralized outer layer of teeth and a vitreous coating fused to a substrate to create a glossy surface, as well as the technique of applying such a coating.

Dental enamel is the hard, outermost layer of the crowns of teeth. It is the hardest substance in the human body, consisting primarily of hydroxyapatite crystals arranged in prism-like structures. Typical enamel thickness on the chewing surfaces is about 2 to 3 millimeters, though it varies by tooth and location. Enamel is formed during tooth development by ameloblasts and, once mature, is effectively acellular and non-regenerative. Its high mineral content provides resistance to wear and chemical attack, but it remains vulnerable to acid demineralization from plaque acids, which can lead to caries if mineral loss is not prevented. Enamel contributes to tooth color and translucency, and its microstructure influences enamel wear and sensitivity.

Vitreous enamel, or enamel coating, is a glassy layer fused to a substrate, usually metal, ceramic, or glass. It is produced from powdered glass (frit) that is applied and then fired at high temperature to fuse into a smooth, durable coating. Enamels can be opaque or translucent and are valued for color range, hardness, and chemical inertness. Enameling is widely used in jewelry, cookware, sanitaryware, and decorative arts, with compositions and firing temperatures varying to achieve different colors and effects.