elforsyningen

Elforsyningen is the Danish system for producing, transmitting, distributing and supplying electricity to consumers. It spans generation, the high‑voltage transmission network, the regional distribution grids, and the retail market in which households and businesses purchase electricity. The system is designed to provide reliable supply, enable competition, and ensure transparent pricing.

The transmission grid is operated by Energinet, Denmark’s transmission system operator. Distribution networks are run by regional distribution system operators. Electricity is delivered at distribution voltage levels to end users after being carried over the high‑voltage transmission network. Producers sell electricity to retailers, and customers can choose their supplier. The wholesale and retail market is integrated with Nordic and European power markets, with day‑ahead and intraday trading taking place on Nord Pool Spot and balancing coordinated by the system operator.

Regulation and policy are overseen by the Danish Energy Agency alongside Energinet. Since market liberalization in the late 20th century, the Danish electricity sector has moved toward competition among retailers, while ensuring security of supply and price regulation where appropriate. A defining feature is a high share of wind and other renewables, supported by cross‑border interconnections and grid investments to integrate intermittent generation and maintain reliability.

Historically, elforsyningen evolved from vertically integrated monopolies to a liberalized market with independent transmission and distribution operators and competitive retail. The system continues to modernize with investments in smart metering, grid flexibility, and renewable integration.