ekzema
Ekzema, or eczema, is a general term for a group of inflammatory skin conditions characterized by itchy, dry, and red skin. The most common form is atopic dermatitis, which usually begins in childhood but may persist or begin in adulthood. Eczema results from a combination of genetic factors, skin-barrier abnormalities, and immune system dysregulation. Mutations in skin barrier genes such as filaggrin increase susceptibility. Environmental triggers such as soaps, fragrances, detergents, allergens, temperature changes, and stress can provoke flares.
Symptoms typically include pruritus (itching), dry and scaly skin, redness, and swelling. In infants, rashes often
Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on history and examination. In uncertain cases, patch testing may identify
Management focuses on maintaining skin moisture with regular emollients, gentle cleansing, and avoiding triggers. Treatments may
Prognosis varies; many people experience waxing and waning symptoms throughout life. The condition often coexists with