earcups

Earcups are the parts of headphones or headsets that surround the ears. They are typically attached to a headband and may swivel or hinge to fit the user’s head. Inside each earcup is the loudspeaker driver, and the interior is designed to form an acoustic seal around the ear to reduce sound leakage and improve listening comfort.

Designs are commonly described by back style and fit. Closed-back earcups are sealed to minimize sound leakage and provide better isolation from external noise, while open-back earcups have perforations that allow air and sound to pass through for a more natural, spacious sound. Most over-ear headphones use circumaural earcups that fully encircle the ear, whereas on-ear or supra-aural designs rest on the ear rather than around it.

Construction and materials vary widely. Earcups may be made from plastics or metals, and the cushions consist of foam padding covered in leatherette, fabric, or memory foam. Pad materials and construction influence comfort, seal, and heat buildup. Many earcups have replaceable or detachable pads to extend the life of the product and enable hygienic cleaning or customization.

Maintenance and care are straightforward. Regularly wipe the exterior and interior surfaces with a soft, damp cloth, remove and replace worn pads, and ensure any screens or grills remain unobstructed. Detachable earcups or pads can simplify cleaning and maintenance, and some models offer modular replacements for users who want to customize fit or appearance.

In use, earcups contribute to comfort, passive sound isolation, and the overall acoustic behavior of the headphone. Their design choices—back type, materials, and padding—affect both sound and wearability across different environments.