earcup

An earcup, in the context of headphones and headsets, is the part of the device that surrounds the ear. It is the housing that contains the audio driver, forms the acoustic enclosure, and provides a surface for padding and adjustment. In over-ear (circumaural) designs, earcups are large enough to enclose the entire ear; in on-ear (supra-aural) designs, they rest on the ear rather than enclosing it.

Construction typically includes a rigid outer shell, an internal acoustic chamber holding the driver, damping materials to reduce unwanted resonances, and an ear cushion or pad for comfort. Some earcups are rotatable or swiveled to improve fit; many are detachable or replaceable to extend life or allow padding customization. Materials vary: plastics and metal for the shell, foam or fabric for padding, and leather, leatherette, or cloth coverings.

Sound and isolation: the size and shape of the earcup influence acoustic characteristics such as bass response, soundstage, and leakage. A well-sealed, comfortable earcup improves passive noise isolation and can reduce clamping pressure over long listening sessions.

Specialized variants include gaming headsets with built-in microphones inside the earcup, aviation or industrial headsets with extra durable, foam-lined cups, and audiophile designs that seek minimal resonance. Maintenance involves cleaning pads, replacing worn cushions, and ensuring hinges or connectors remain intact.