cyclooxygenázy

Cyclooxygenases, often abbreviated as COX, are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. These biologically active lipids are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, fever, and blood clotting. There are two main isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2.

COX-1 is constitutively expressed, meaning it is present in the body under normal conditions. It is responsible for producing prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining, maintain kidney function, and facilitate platelet aggregation. COX-2, on the other hand, is an inducible enzyme. Its expression is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines and growth factors. COX-2 is primarily involved in the production of prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever.

The therapeutic action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, stems from their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity. By blocking COX enzymes, NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby alleviating pain, fever, and inflammation. However, inhibition of COX-1 can lead to gastrointestinal side effects like ulcers and bleeding, as it disrupts the protective prostaglandins in the stomach.

Selective COX-2 inhibitors, also known as coxibs, were developed to target COX-2 specifically, aiming to reduce inflammation and pain while minimizing gastrointestinal adverse effects. However, some selective COX-2 inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, leading to their withdrawal or restricted use. Understanding the distinct roles and inhibition profiles of COX-1 and COX-2 is essential for developing effective and safe therapeutic strategies.