curassow

Curassow is a common name for several large, crested birds in the family Cracidae, order Galliformes, native to tropical forests of Central and South America. They are typically medium to large birds with stout bodies, strong legs, and broad bills; plumage is usually dark and may show iridescent hints, and many species have a crest or horn-like casque. Taxonomically, curassows are placed in the genera Crax, Pauxi, and Nothocrax. They occur mainly in lowland rainforest and foothill forests from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, with some species favoring dense undergrowth or forest edges.

Behaviorally, curassows are shy and ground-dwelling, foraging mainly on fruits and seeds, supplemented by leaves, buds, and invertebrates. They typically move slowly through the understory and roost in trees at night. Mating systems are generally pair-based or small family groups, and breeding involves a ground or low-vegetation nest. The female incubates the clutch, usually two to four eggs, with varying levels of male involvement across species.

Conservation status varies by species; habitat loss and hunting have caused declines in many curassow populations, and several taxa are listed as vulnerable or near threatened by the IUCN. A few species remain more secure, typically within protected areas. In captivity, curassows are kept in zoos and specialized aviculture programs, requiring large enclosures, enrichment, and a fruit-rich diet.