cukorbetegségek

Cukorbetegség, or diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This occurs because the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Over time, persistently high blood glucose levels can lead to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

There are several main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in little to no insulin production. It is often diagnosed in children and young adults, but can occur at any age. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, accounting for about 90-95% of all cases. In type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to the insulin it does produce. This type is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Gestational diabetes is a temporary form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, though it increases the risk of type 2 diabetes for both mother and child later in life.

Symptoms of diabetes can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, and frequent infections. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests measuring glucose levels. Management strategies vary depending on the type of diabetes and can include lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise, oral medications, and insulin therapy. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for effective management and preventing complications.