costure

Costure, or sewing, is the craft of joining materials, usually fabric or leather, by interlocking threads with a needle or sewing machine. It encompasses hand sewing and machine sewing, as well as decorative stitching. The practice enables creation, repair, and alteration of garments, textiles, and goods. Common outcomes include seams, hems, and decorative embroidery.

Costure has ancient origins; stitches have been found in textiles from various cultures, used for clothing, shelter, and ceremonial items. The invention and spread of sewing machines in the 19th century revolutionized production, enabling faster, more uniform stitching. Basic hand stitches include running stitch, backstitch, whipstitch, and blind stitch; machine stitches such as straight and zigzag stitches are standard. Finishing methods—serging, overlocking, and topstitching—improve strength and appearance.

Key tools include needles, thread, scissors, thimbles, pins, and measuring tools, with sewing machines ranging from domestic models to industrial equipment. Threads vary by fiber and finish (cotton, polyester, wool, silk). Fabrics differ in weight and composition, influencing stitch choice and tension. Proper seam allowances, pressing, and interfacing affect fit, structure, and durability.

Today costure supports clothing construction, alterations, upholstery, and crafts. It intersects with fashion design, education, and repair cultures, with an emphasis on sustainability and handmade goods. Advances in digital patterns and automation continue to influence professional practice while still leaving room for traditional hand sewing.