backstitch

Backstitch is a basic hand sewing and embroidery stitch used to create a continuous, durable line of thread along fabric. In seam construction, it provides a strong, lockable seam; in embroidery, it is often used to outline shapes and letters or to add a defined edge.

Technique (hand sewing): Start at an end point. Bring the needle up at a point, then insert the needle back into the point from which the previous stitch started (for the first stitch, anchor with a small knot). Take a small forward stitch to the next point, then bring the needle up again just ahead of the last stitch. Insert the needle back into the start of the previous stitch. Repeat, bringing the needle up ahead of the last stitch and inserting back at the previous stitch’s start. Each new stitch lies ahead of the previous one, creating a continuous line on the fabric surface with the stitches secured on the backside.

Technique (machine sewing): At the start and end of a seam, use the backstitch function (or manually sew in reverse) to lock the seam. Sew forward a few stitches, reverse to the starting point, then sew forward again to continue.

Variations and uses: In embroidery, backstitch is used to define outlines and lettering, often with cotton floss or silk thread. It can provide a solid line when other stitches would be too sparse, and it is common in counted-thread work and hand-stitched embellishments.

History: Backstitch is an ancient and widespread technique found in many textile traditions. It remains a fundamental stitch in both traditional hand sewing and contemporary embroidery for its simplicity and durability.