stitches

Stitches are loops of thread used to join pieces of fabric or to close wounds in medical practice. The term covers both sewing stitches and surgical sutures, and each type serves to fasten materials together or promote healing.

In medicine, sutures are used to approximate wound edges or close surgical incisions. They may be absorbable, designed to break down in the body over time, or non-absorbable, intended to be removed later. Common materials include absorbable polyglycolic acid and polydioxanone, and non-absorbable silk, nylon, or polypropylene. Sutures are placed with a needle in patterns such as interrupted stitches, continuous running stitches, or specialized closures like mattress or subcuticular sutures. The choice of pattern depends on tissue type, tension, and cosmetic goals. Internal sutures may dissolve, while skin sutures are typically removed after several days to a few weeks. Potential complications include infection, tissue ischemia, and suture reaction; wound care typically involves keeping the area clean and monitoring for redness, swelling, or discharge.

In sewing, stitches join fabric or other materials. Common hand stitches include running, back, whip, and slip stitches, while machine stitches cover straight seams, zigzag finishes, and overlocking. The selection of stitch type affects strength, elasticity, and appearance, and is guided by fabric type and project requirements.

Stitches have a long history, from early handwork to modern sterile sutures, and remain essential to both medical and textile practices.