cofabrication

Cofabrication is a collaborative approach to design and manufacturing in which multiple participants contribute to the creation of a product, artifact, or structure through distributed fabrication resources. It contrasts with conventional manufacturing where a single organization controls design and production. Cofabrication typically relies on digital design tools, shared fabrication facilities, and open or participatory processes that connect designers, makers, engineers, and end users.

The practice gained prominence with the rise of the maker movement, open hardware, and digital fabrication networks. Enabling technologies include computer-aided design and parametric modeling, cloud-based collaboration, version control, and a range of fabrication methods such as 3D printing, CNC milling, laser cutting, and digital embroidery. Projects may occur in formal settings like universities and industry labs or in community spaces such as fab labs and makerspaces. The aim is often rapid prototyping, customization, knowledge exchange, and localized production.

Benefits include faster iteration cycles, greater customization, resource sharing, and resilience through distributed capabilities. Challenges encompass intellectual property and licensing, quality assurance and safety, regulatory compliance, standardization, coordination overhead, and data interoperability. Successful cofabrication projects typically establish clear governance, robust documentation, compatible tooling, and agreed-upon licenses to balance openness with accountability.