clavícula

The clavícula, commonly known as the collarbone, is a long, S-shaped bone located in the upper part of the thoracic skeleton. It serves as a critical structural component of the shoulder girdle, connecting the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula (shoulder blade). This connection allows for a wide range of arm movements while providing stability to the shoulder joint.

Anatomically, the clavícula is divided into three regions: the medial end (sternal end), which articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint; the lateral end (acromial end), which connects to the acromion process of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint; and the shaft, the elongated central portion. Its unique shape and positioning help absorb and distribute forces, protecting underlying structures like blood vessels and nerves.

Fractures of the clavícula are relatively common, often resulting from direct trauma, falls, or sports injuries. Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, deformity, and limited mobility. Treatment may range from immobilization with a sling to surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the fracture. Proper healing is essential to restore function and prevent complications such as nonunion or malunion.

Additionally, the clavícula plays a role in certain medical conditions, such as clavicle fractures, dislocations, or congenital abnormalities. Its anatomical position also makes it a reference point for medical professionals when assessing shoulder and upper body injuries or deformities. Overall, the clavícula is a vital bone that contributes to both mobility and protection in the upper body.