carbonfilaments

Carbonfilaments are slender, thread-like forms of carbon that encompass both traditional macroscale carbon fibers used for reinforcing composites and nanoscale filaments such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. They are valued for their high aspect ratio and the potential combination of high strength, stiffness, and electrical or thermal conductivity.

Structures of carbonfilaments vary from macroscale fibers with diameters of a few micrometers to nanoscale tubes and fibers with diameters from fractions of a nanometer to tens of nanometers. Depending on their composition and structure, carbonfilaments can exhibit high tensile strength and modulus, good thermal conductivity, and a range of electrical behaviors from insulating to highly conductive.

Production methods differ by scale. Macroscale carbon fibers are typically produced from polymer precursors such as polyacrylonitrile or pitch, undergoing stabilization, carbonization, and optionally graphitization. Nanoscale filaments are often synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, arc discharge, or laser ablation. Surface treatments or sizing are commonly applied to improve adhesion to matrices in composite applications.

Applications for carbonfilaments span a broad range. In composites, they provide increased stiffness and strength for aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods. Conductive filaments are used in electromagnetic shielding, sensors, and energy storage electrodes. Ongoing research aims to improve scalable production, mechanical properties, and dispersion or integration in various products.

The term carbonfilament has historical ties to incandescent lamp filaments, while contemporary discussions distinguish macroscale carbon fibers from nanoscale CNTs and CNFs. Safety considerations include potential inhalation risks for fine carbon materials; appropriate containment and personal protective equipment are advised.