burping

Burping, also known as belching or eructation, is the audible release of gas from the upper digestive tract through the mouth. It occurs when gas accumulates in the stomach or esophagus and is expelled, usually after swallowing air or during digestion. Common triggers include drinking or eating quickly, chewing gum, smoking, and consuming carbonated beverages. Belching can be voluntary or reflexive and is a normal bodily function in most people.

Causes and contributing factors vary. Swallowed air (aerophagia) is a frequent source of gas. Diet and lifestyle, such as carbonated drinks, chewing gum, and certain foods, can increase gas production. Medical conditions that can be associated with frequent belching include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, ulcers, lactose intolerance, and other carbohydrate malabsorption disorders. Some medications and rapid changes in the gut can also alter gas production.

Most burping is harmless and temporary. However, frequent or persistent belching accompanied by other symptoms—such as abdominal pain, weight loss, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, blood in stool or vomit, or severe chest pain—warrants evaluation by a clinician to rule out underlying conditions.

Management and prevention focus on reducing swallowed air and gas production. Practical steps include eating slowly and in smaller portions, avoiding carbonated drinks and chewing gum, refraining from smoking, not talking while chewing, and avoiding lying down soon after meals. If belching is related to GERD or another condition, treatment targets the underlying cause and may involve dietary changes, medications, or other therapies as advised by a healthcare professional.