refraining

Refraining is the act of deliberately withholding an action, impulse, or response. It is a form of self-regulation in which a person chooses not to act in a given moment in order to align behavior with longer-term goals, social norms, or personal or moral standards. Refraining can range from everyday decisions, such as refraining from eating after a certain time, to more deliberate constraints in high-stakes situations.

The term derives from the verb refrain, historically meaning to restrain or hold back. In modern usage, refraining emphasizes the voluntary aspect of withholding an action rather than the outcome itself. The concept is distinct from abstinence in some contexts, though both involve choice and restraint.

In psychology, refraining is linked to inhibitory control and impulse regulation. Successful refraining depends on planning, motivation, and the ability to anticipate consequences. It can require cognitive resources and may be more challenging when immediate rewards are strong or cognitive load is high. Practice and habit can reduce the effort required over time.

Practical approaches to improve refraining include setting implementation intentions (If-then plans), altering cues or environments to reduce temptation, monitoring one’s behavior, and employing mindfulness to create space between impulse and action. Strategies such as goal setting and social support can also enhance consistency.

Refraining appears across many contexts, including health, education, and interpersonal relations. It is often encouraged in religious, ethical, or professional settings as a means to protect well-being, maintain trust, and support long-term objectives.