abstinence

Abstinence is the voluntary refraining from a particular behavior. The term is used in several contexts, most commonly to refer to sexual abstinence and to abstaining from alcohol or drugs, as well as to fasting or other forms of self-imposed restraint. Etymology: from Latin abstinere, "to hold back."

In sexuality, abstinence typically means avoiding vaginal intercourse, though definitions vary by culture and individual choice. It can be temporary or lifelong and is often associated with religious, moral, or personal beliefs, or with marriage traditions. Some people adopt abstinence as part of a broader sexual health plan, including later initiation of sexual activity or mutual consent and safety.

In health and public policy, abstinence can be promoted as a method to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, with abstinence-only education historically a contested approach. While abstaining from sex guarantees no pregnancy or STI transmission from intercourse, other risks can remain and many health authorities advocate comprehensive education about contraception and risk reduction for sexually active individuals.

Abstinence from substances such as alcohol or drugs is a core component of recovery programs and addiction treatment, though long-term outcomes depend on context and support systems. Fasting and abstinence in dietary or religious practice are distinct uses of the term.

See also: celibacy, chastity, fasting, sobriety, temperance.