bodymorphology
Body morphology is the study of the external form and structure of the body, including the size, shape, proportion, and spatial relationships of body parts. It encompasses skeletal configuration, muscularity, fat distribution, organ arrangement, posture, and surface landmarks. In humans, morphology reflects genetic background, development, nutrition, training, health status, and aging. Variation occurs within and between populations, with patterns influenced by sex, ethnicity, and environment; however, simple categories such as body type (ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph) are broadly used but scientifically limited.
Methods and measurements used to assess body morphology include anthropometry, which uses standardized measurements such as
Applications of body morphology span clinical, ergonomic, and research domains. Clinical assessment evaluates congenital or acquired
Development and aging: Body morphology evolves through growth and puberty, with changes in bone density, adiposity,
Limitations: Morphology describes external form and does not directly measure function or physiology. Measurement error, observer
See also: anthropology, anatomy, biomechanics, anthropometry, morphology, imaging.