belastningskapaciteten

Belastningskapaciteten, often translated as load-bearing capacity, is the maximum load that a structure, component, or system can safely carry or withstand without experiencing unacceptable failure or excessive deformation. It encompasses both static loads (permanent, live) and dynamic or impact loads, and it is determined with respect to a specified failure mode and limit state.

The capacity depends on material properties (strength, ductility, fatigue resistance), geometry (cross-section, moments of inertia), connections and supports, and environmental conditions (temperature, corrosion, wear). Design codes require applying safety factors to account for uncertainties in material properties, loading, and construction.

Determination of belastningskapaciteten combines analytical methods and testing. Structural analyses use strength-of-materials concepts for axial, bending, and shear stresses, combined loads, and serviceability limits. When needed, finite element analysis provides more detailed insights into complex geometries. Verification often relies on standards and codes such as Eurocode, AISC, or other national regulations, supplemented by physical load tests to establish ultimate or serviceability capacities.

Applications span buildings, bridges, cranes, lifting equipment, shelving and storage systems, and mechanical components. Accurate assessment is critical for safety, performance, and compliance, and it must be revisited as materials age, wear occurs, or conditions change.

Limitations include material imperfections, fatigue, creep, corrosion, and improper maintenance, which can reduce capacity over time. Designers and operators must use appropriate safety factors and update assessments when modifications or deterioration occur.