arteroskleroos

Arteroskleroos, commonly known as atherosclerosis, is a chronic condition characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances within the walls of arteries. This process leads to the formation of plaques that can thicken and harden the arterial walls, reducing their elasticity and narrowing the blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

The development of arteroskleroos typically begins with damage to the endothelium, the thin layer of cells lining the arteries. Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels contribute to this damage. Once injured, the endothelium becomes more permeable, allowing lipids, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, to penetrate the arterial wall. The body responds by initiating an inflammatory process, attracting immune cells that engulf lipids and form foam cells, which contribute to plaque development.

Over time, the plaques can become unstable and rupture, triggering blood clots that may obstruct blood flow. This can result in heart attacks or strokes. Symptoms of arteroskleroos may not be apparent until significant arterial blockage occurs. Common signs include chest pain, shortness of breath, or leg pain during exertion.

Preventative measures focus on controlling risk factors through lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Medical interventions, including medications and, in severe cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery, may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow.

Arteroskleroos remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, underscoring the importance of early detection and risk management for cardiovascular health.