armbar

An armbar is a submission hold used in grappling disciplines such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Judo, Sambo, and mixed martial arts. It targets the opponent’s arm by isolating the elbow joint and attempting to hyperextend it, producing a submission when the opponent cannot safely defend or tap.

Biomechanics and intent: The technique leverages the attacker’s grips, hip position, and torso rotation to apply leverage across the forearm and elbow. When applied correctly, the forearm acts as the fulcrum while the attacker’s hips and body weight create torque that pushes the elbow toward its limit. The control of the wrist and arm, plus the avoidance of unnecessary elbow bending, are central to maintaining the submission and reducing exposure to counterattacks. The finish is typically achieved when the defender taps or the referee stops the match.

Variations and applications: Armbar variations exist in many positions, including from the guard, from top control, and from back control. The core idea remains the same: isolate the arm and apply leverage to induce a tap. The move is a staple in competition due to its relative efficiency and the clear signal of submission.

Safety and rules: Armbars carry a risk of elbow injury if pressure is excessive or applied without proper control. Training emphasizes proper tapping etiquette, gradual progression, and adherence to rules and safety guidelines in each sport.

Terminology and history: The position is often called an armbar or juji-gatame in Japanese grappling contexts. It is considered one of the foundational joint submissions in many grappling arts and has a long history in Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.